Patient Care Essentials

Personal care is a major focus on your CNA state exam, comprising approximately 10-12% of exam questions. Let’s break down the key concepts you need to master:

Basic Personal Care Requirements

The exam frequently tests your understanding of these essential elements:

Privacy and Dignity

• Proper draping techniques
• Knocking before entering
• Closing doors/curtains
• Explaining procedures
• Respecting preferences
• Maintaining modesty

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

You must know how to assist with:

Bathing

• Complete bed bath
• Partial bath
• Shower/tub bath
• Perineal care

Grooming

• Hair care
• Oral care
• Shaving
• Nail care
• Dressing/undressing

Toileting

• Bedpan assistance
• Commode use
• Bathroom assistance
• Incontinence care

Safety Measures

The exam emphasizes these safety aspects:

• Proper body mechanics
• Call light within reach
• Bed in lowest position
• Side rails as ordered
• Non-slip footwear
• Clear pathways
• Proper lighting

Observation and Reporting

Know when to observe and report:

• Skin changes
• Behavioral changes
• Pain or discomfort
• Changes in ability
• Refusal of care
• Abnormal findings

Documentation Requirements

Understand what to document:

• Care provided
• Resident response
• Observations made
• Time completed
• Any refusals
• Special considerations

Key Exam Focus Areas:

• Maintaining resident dignity
• Safety measures during care
• Proper sequencing of care
• Infection control during care
• Communication during procedures
• Recognition of changes
• Proper documentation
• Time management

Remember: The exam will test both your knowledge of personal care procedures and your ability to apply them in practical situations. Focus on understanding not just the steps but also the reasoning behind each procedure.

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