You’re cheering on Mrs. Lopez as she struggles but successfully reaches to grab her hairbrush. That movement she just performed on her own? That is Active Range of Motion (AROM), and it is a vital part of keeping her functional and independent.
What is Active Range of Motion?
Active Range of Motion (AROM) is the movement of a joint through its full range of motion by the resident using their own muscle strength and effort. Unlike PROM (Passive Range of Motion), where you move the resident’s limb for them, AROM requires the resident to do the work themselves. It is a fundamental rehabilitation technique and care category used to maintain physical function.
Why AROM Matters in Your Daily Care
Encouraging AROM is essential because “use it or lose it” is very real in long-term care. When residents move their own limbs, they maintain muscle strength, keep joints flexible, and improve circulation. More importantly, performing these movements independently preserves their dignity and self-esteem. Your role is to encourage this movement rather than doing it for them, which promotes their highest level of functioning.
What You’ll See During Your Shift
You will encounter AROM constantly during Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). When a resident lifts their arm to put on a shirt, bends their knee to step into a tub, or brings a spoon to their mouth, they are using AROM. You might also be asked to guide them through specific exercises as part of their care plan.
“Hey, I noticed Mrs. Lopez had full AROM in her left shoulder this morning when she reached for her hairbrush. She didn’t complain of any pain today, which is different from yesterday.”
Common Pitfall & Pro Tip
⚠️ Pitfall: Moving the resident’s limb for them just to speed up the task (like dressing them). When you do the work for them, you are actually doing PROM, which steals their opportunity to build strength and maintain independence.
Pro Tip: Use verbal cueing and encouragement instead of physical assistance. Say, “Try to reach a little higher” or “Guide your arm into the sleeve.” If they can’t do it, assist only as much as needed—this is called “active-assist” range of motion.
Memory Aid for AROM
Think “A” is for Action—the Action comes from the resident.
Or remember: “A” = Active = Alone” —They do it alone (with you watching).
State Test Connection
On the CNA exam, you must distinguish between PROM (Passive) and AROM. You will likely be tested on the Range of Motion skill, where you must identify when to support a limb and when to ask the resident to move it.
Related Care Concepts
Understanding AROM connects directly to Contractures (stiff joints that AROM helps prevent), Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) (where AROM is practiced naturally), and Rehabilitation/restorative care. It is the opposite of Passive Range of Motion (PROM), which is used when a resident cannot move independently.
Quick Reference
✓ Key observation: Watch for smooth movement, grimacing, or inability to complete the motion ✓ When to report: New weakness, sudden inability to move a limb, or reports of pain during movement ✓ Care reminders: • Encourage independence during all care tasks • Use verbal cues before stepping in to help • Document the level of assistance required (independent, partial assist, total assist) • Perform slowly and gently to avoid injury
Bottom line: Whenever possible, let them do it. Your patience in allowing them to perform AROM protects their strength, their independence, and their dignity.